For parents and caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), understanding the complexities of Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is essential. SPD often co-occurs with ASD, affecting how individuals perceive and respond to sensory stimuli. This article will help shed light on the relationship between SPD and autism, the challenges it poses, and how caregivers can support their children in navigating these difficulties.
What is Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)?
SPD is a condition where the brain struggles to organize and respond to sensory input. For individuals with SPD, sensory signals from sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell can feel overwhelming, too strong, or even not strong enough. In children with autism, sensory issues are a core component of the condition, often making it difficult to engage in social situations and communicate effectively.
SPD is often considered an accompanying issue for those with ASD. While not all individuals with SPD are on the autism spectrum, research shows that approximately 90% of children with autism experience some form of sensory processing difficulty. For these children, everyday experiences, like being in a crowded room or dealing with loud noises, can feel intensely overwhelming.
Medical professionals may not always classify SPD as an independent disorder. Some consider it a symptom or part of other conditions, such as autism or ADHD. However, the challenges of SPD, particularly in children with autism, can significantly affect their daily lives, making interventions like speech therapy crucial in improving social communication and emotional responses.
The Connection Between Autism and Sensory Processing Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Sensory Processing Disorder often go hand in hand. Sensory issues are even part of the formal diagnostic criteria for autism, making it essential to explore how these different conditions are related. While not all individuals with SPD have autism, the majority of individuals with autism struggle with sensory processing challenges.
One of the key differences in the brain structure of individuals with autism is altered neural connectivity, which affects how sensory information is processed. This may explain why children with autism often have a heightened or diminished response to sensory input. For instance, a simple experience, such as feeling the texture of clothing, might cause significant distress.
The Impact of SPD on Individuals with Autism
When SPD and autism coexist, it creates a unique set of challenges. Sensory issues in children with autism may manifest in various behaviors, such as sensory-seeking behaviors (e.g., touching objects, spinning, or making repetitive noises) or sensory-avoidant behaviors (e.g., covering ears, avoiding certain textures). These responses are often coping mechanisms to help the child manage overwhelming sensory input.
For example, a child might seek out loud, repetitive sounds or specific textures to calm themselves when they feel overstimulated. Conversely, they may avoid crowded or noisy places, retreating into quieter spaces to avoid sensory overload. While these behaviors may seem perplexing to an outsider, they are often the child’s way of managing a challenging sensory environment.
Behavioral Manifestations of Sensory Processing Disorder
Children with both ASD and SPD often exhibit specific behavioral responses to sensory input. These responses can be categorized into sensory-seeking behaviors, sensory-avoidant behaviors, and an intense focus on details.

These behaviors are not signs of willfulness or defiance. They are coping mechanisms that help the child manage the sensory input they find overwhelming. By understanding these behavioral manifestations, caregivers can respond more appropriately and help their child find comfort in situations that might otherwise be distressing.
Challenges in Social Interactions
Navigating social interactions can be particularly difficult for children with both autism and SPD. Sensory overload can make it hard for them to engage with peers, participate in group activities, or respond appropriately to social cues. For example, the noise of a birthday party or the brightness of a classroom might make it impossible for the child to focus on the conversation happening around them.
Social situations can become even more complicated when sensory sensitivities trigger behaviors like fidgeting, tapping, or retreating to a quiet space. Children may struggle to participate in conversations or group activities because they are so focused on managing their sensory needs.
For parents and caregivers, it is important to recognize that these challenges are not due to a lack of interest or effort in socializing. Instead, they stem from the sensory difficulties associated with SPD. Creating a calm and predictable environment and preparing children for social situations can help ease some of these challenges and improve social engagement.

Treatment Approaches for SPD
Addressing SPD within the autism spectrum requires a multifaceted approach. Two key treatment strategies are speech therapy and interdisciplinary collaboration between professionals.
- Speech Therapy: Speech therapists play a critical role in helping children with both ASD and SPD improve their communication and social skills. Therapy may focus on enhancing speech, understanding nonverbal cues, and managing the emotional responses to sensory stimuli.
- Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Successful treatment of SPD in children with autism often requires a team approach. Occupational therapists, psychologists, and other specialists can work together to create personalized treatment plans that address the unique needs of the child. This holistic approach ensures that every aspect of the child’s sensory processing challenges is addressed.
By incorporating these therapeutic strategies, children with SPD and autism can learn how to better manage sensory input, improve communication, and enhance their overall quality of life.
Empowering Children with SPD and Autism
Understanding Sensory Processing Disorder in the context of autism is vital for parents and caregivers. By recognizing the link between SPD and autism, we can better support our children in navigating their sensory challenges. Through speech therapy, interdisciplinary collaboration, and a compassionate approach to behavior management, we can help children with ASD and SPD thrive in social settings and daily life.
At A Better Way ABA, we offer expert ABA therapy tailored to meet the unique needs of your child. Contact us today to learn more about our autism services in NYC and how we can assist your family in achieving positive outcomes. We’re committed to providing high-quality, personalized care to help your child succeed!
Sources:
https://www.autismspeaks.org/sensory-processing-disorder
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sensory-processing-disorder-vs-autism